How did long hair on men/short hair on women evolve to be counter-culture?

Many things, such as tattoos, promiscuous behavior, and LGBT became taboo due to religious texts such as the Christian Bible. However, as far as I know, hair is not mentioned (maybe it is?). How did long hair on a man and short hair on a woman evolve as being counter culture? It's obviously gained more acceptance and lost its counter culture nature over time, but how did there come to be a time where the worst thing about rock bands was their long hair?